Schumann Resonance

Tuesday, November 17, 2009

Schumann Resonance-fables and truth

1. INTRODUCTION
Recently, a terrible rumor but absolutely trivial spread by the media throughout the globe: the time he took a freak, that he began to slip ever faster on an imaginary slide whose end is 2012. Date of December 21, 2012 is presented in many apocalyptic writings as the date, for one reason or another, human civilization will disappear. Leaving aside the "visionaries providing for the future" with devices based on coffee beans or beans, to dwell less on those who advocate such pseudoscientific claims. Some forecast a possible catastrophic collision of our planet with a large celestial object, others provide catastrophic changes due to planetary conjunctions. All these "visionaries" The idea that on December 21, 2012 is the last date in the Maya calendar. But the strange reasoning of "end times" is the assumption that time, more recently beat slowly stakes at the edge of a road of no return, the asymptotic rate now increases to a close deadline: December 21, 2012, and thereafter everything disappears into nothingness. In a recently published article in the magazine at StiintaAzi.ro http://www.stiintaazi.ro/index.php?view=article&id=2605% 3Apamantul-in-danger & option = com_content & Itemid = 58 I have referred to current projections, scientifically, for a possible extinction of civilization after a catastrophic collision and will not return now to the subject. Instead, I will try to explain, explained the phenomenon of "Schumann resonance" mechanism by which this phenomenon occurs, how it can be highlighted and the effects they can have on living beings.
First, we discuss the bottom of the spectrum of electromagnetic waves, waves of very low frequency.

2. TERMINOLOGY

According to the National Telecommunications and Information Administration of the United States, electromagnetic waves of frequencies below 30 kHz are called very low frequency electromagnetic waves (very low frequency) and those whose frequency is less than 3kHz not assigned to any civil activity.
The terminology used in scientific work which relates to low frequency electromagnetic waves (and that I will use below) classify them as follows:
-very low frequency electromagnetic waves or short, VLF - frequencies between 30kHz and 3kHz
-ultra-low frequency electromagnetic waves or ULF - frequencies between 3kHz and 300Hz
- the super-low frequency electromagnetic waves or SLF - with frequencies between 300Hz and 30Hz
-electromagnetic waves of extremely low frequency (Extreme Low Frequency or ELF) have values of frequencies below 30Hz.

As is known, conductive materials are opaque to electromagnetic waves and therefore, communication between two points in the conducting medium (eg salt water in seas and oceans or underground earth) can be achieved with the usual equipment and using conventional methods of radio communication.
This phenomenon of "shielding" prevent conventional radio communication between a terrestrial and submarine base in submersion. In such a situation, only electromagnetic waves of SLF range radio link can provide.
On the other hand, mining accidents, the cable telecommunications equipment are destroyed, there is need for a means of communication "wireless" between miners trapped underground and rescuers at the surface or underground all. ULF electromagnetic waves can penetrate the soil range from depths of tens or hundreds of meters, the only ones that can be used in such situations.
Low frequency electromagnetic waves are generated and natural phenomena that have effects on a large scale and very large. Thus, the emergence of electromagnetic waves of low frequency (ULF or ELF) may announce an imminent earthquake, with tens of minutes before land-based surface movements.
Also so-called "space weather phenomena extraatmosferic" such as solar explosions, rain of meteorites, important streams of elementary particles and radiation generated by sources alien or extragalactice, generate electromagnetic waves in areas ULF, SLF and ELF. They can cause electromagnetic storms, disruption of radio communications or decommissioning of artificial satellites of Earth or of radio equipment located on the ground.Since brain wave frequency is of the order of Hertz, there is probably an influence of the human psyche caused by waves in the same range, natural or artificial.
The importance attached by NASA of the scientific, technical or military related to the generation and propagation of very low frequency electromagnetic waves is highlighted by the launch of project "Inspire" (Interactive NASA Space Physics Ionosphere Radio Experiments)

3.SCHUMANN RESONANCE

Tropical storms (which are characterized by intense and frequent electrical discharges) generates electromagnetic waves of very broad spectrum and very low frequency for the space formed between the Earth's surface and ionosphere becomes a true wave guide through which they propagate on long distances , sometimes reaching to surround the Earth. Analysis of these waves is important because climtologie can get a global picture of local weather phenomena. Frequent electrical discharges that happen during storms, creating electromagnetic waves in the ULF and ELF field in the resonant cavity formed (global) between Earth and the ionosphere, can produce an electromagnetic resonance has been verified experimentally. The phenomenon is known in literature as the "Schumann Resonance" and was predicted by the physicist Winfried Otto Schumann in 1952. The experimental methods were highlighted Schumann resonance frequencies to values of 7.83 Hz 14.3 Hz 20.8 Hz 27.3 Hz and 33.8 Hz.

These values of the resonance frequencies are not fixed. They are influenced by weather conditions that lead to changes in the height of the ionosphere and hence the amendment of the "sounding board". Also, electromagnetic resonant amplitude changes to the number of electrical discharges in the atmosphere in the period considered. It was found that during the day can be put into three maximum records: one corresponding to tropical storm in south-east Asia, after 5 hours maximum by storms in Africa and yet after 6 o'clock, a corresponding maximum storm in South America .Scientific analysis of this phenomenon may provide important data on global climate change, temporary or definitive. Highlighting the air downloads (thunder and lightning) and analyzing their frequency and location, to obtain an overall picture, of great use in climatology.

Photo: Picture caught on July 12, 2009 in Cluj-Napoca, a few minutes after sunset. Schumann resonance is not related to, but I wanted to show that nature creates very often disturbing images. (Photo: Paul DOLEA)
Electromagnetic waves in the ELF range can be received only with specially designed antennas and receivers, since their wave length is very high and very low field levels. Another related obstacle is put into evidence the immediate vicinity (the frequency range) the fields created by electricity distribution networks in Europe which operates at a frequency of 50Hz and in many other countries around the world, on a frequency of 60 Hz. Therefore, researchers are often required to extract useful information from signals that are practically "drowned in noise.
Now I return to the fables prevalent in the media about the "Schumann Resonance" and the so-called imminent end of the world due to a collapse time. Promoters of such a hypothesis states: Schumann resonance frequency is a kind of planetary clock and living organisms are influenced by the electromagnetic clock. So far, nothing unusual, brain waves are very low frequency and can be affected or disturbed by external electromagnetic stimuli.

But the following statements are completely void of realistic and logical reasoning, "Schumann resonance frequency increases steadily, so that one day has 24 hours, but only 16 or less. In 2012 year, the frequency of this phenomenon will be so great that nature can no longer keep up and come end of the world, the concept of time disappears. "
Others who have heard of black holes, says that in fact, the Earth and everything around us is going to be "swallowed" by a black hole and nonlinear phenomena associated with such an event could "distort" the time without us we realize.

4.CONCLUSIONS
Experimental determinations ruled changes Schumann resonance frequencies in terms of a continual increase can be highlighted. Organisations with technical possibilities and scientific credibility can be questioned (see NASA and others of similar size) have not reported a change in the Schumann resonance frequency. And if the Earth and everything around us is going to be "swallowed" by a black hole, and we can not see it, means that disturb us and we will not disturb it.
Analyzing the problem from a logical standpoint, it is absurd to say that day is not 24 hours but 16, because if so, my clock on the wall would have to "jump" of 16 hours, directly to 24 and I would buy another watch with only eight or sixteen divisions zones.
And for those who bring scientific argument, that "no longer comes during" I tell them that in fact, the amount of information that our brains must process a constantly growing and developing society and the possibilities of communication we are increasingly dependent on each other. "Processing" of this information and all these connections require increasingly more time, leaving ever less for current activities. I think this explanation is simpler and closer to the truth

The HAARP project and the risk of a geophysical war

Photo: sinfazate antenna network to Gakona (Alaska) Credit http://www.haarp.alaska.edu/

In short:
Science and technology have joined forces and have developed equipment capable to control power that until recently were unimaginable. Current technologies allow us to do experiments overall. HAARP, EISCAT, SURA ... Three research programs taking place in the Arctic zone and that brings new concerns: the danger of irreversible planetary challenge. We must prepare for a new kind of war, geophysical war? The balance created over millions of years can be destroyed in minutes and the humanity seek to escape somewhere, in deep Earth, and appear as a new species, the caveman.

Introduction:
Explosive development of science and technology in the passed century show that the Earth planet was no longer seem so great. If one hundred forty years ago was unimaginable that someone will surround the Earth in less than 80 days, today, satellites and manned spacecraft surrounding the Earth in tens of minutes. With one click, the information go anyware in a few fractions of a second. Nuclear arms caused more insomnia for entire planet. It was understood few years ago that a brutal extinction of current civilization can be caused only by a catastrophic collision with another celestial body or due to evil alien forces. However, in the last years, the geophysics and the development of new technological industries, geoengineering, chills caused many of those who understood that a immense destructive power reach under the control of sick minds control. Even if the overall effects can be caused only overall strength and enormous energy, must not neglect the following issue: the subsequent times the gross force may be released and directed with a minimum effort, and can have disastrous effect. ( photo: modular UHF Ionospheric Radar in the HAARP project facility: http://www.haarp.alaska.edu/)

What is the ionosphere?
The ionosphere is the uppermost part of the atmosphere , distinguished because it is ionized by solar radiation. . Thus, the incidence of radiation cause dissociation of gas molecules in positive ions and electrons reaching the state of plasma. A thin plasma, but made of particles that have high energies. This plasmosfera begins at altitudes of about 60km and extends up to 1000km, where the number of ions contained in the volume unit is so small that it can be considered as the atmosphere become empty space. The ionization mechanism due to cosmic radiation and the atmosphere makes the ions maximum density at about 300km altitude (F layer). This layer can support electromagnetic waves reflections for electromagnetic waves having frequencies below 30MHz. This reflection on the ionosphere is used to great distance transmission of radio waves of short wave range.
Ionosphere is a hostile environment for all forms of life. The pressure is extremely small, extremely high energy particles and electromagnetic storms caused mainly by solar explosions generates electric currents hundreds of thousands of amperes.

Magnetosphere and electromagnetic storms
Earth's magnetic field is a natural shield against solar wind and other cosmic radiation or very high energy particles. Due mainly solar explosions, structure field lines can be stronger perTurbata appear electromagnetic storms. In polar areas, where the magnetic field intensifies and field lines are open, many high-energy electrons penetrate to the order of 100 km altitude where the gas molecules interact with IUD less tenuous atmosphere, through a mechanism that excitatre-dezexcitare lead to the release of large amounts of photons. This phenomenon intensifies during electromagnetic storms and is often visible from Earth in the form of northern lights or Southern. In the polar areas, electricity generated by moving electrical charges can atnge value of 1 million amps in a space area rather narrow. If electromagnetic storm is very intense, Aurora may occur even at lower latitudes, as observed in on July 15, 2000 in southern France.
Strong electromagnetic storms can have disastrous effects on telecommunications equipment and navigation or the aircraft in flight. Also, variations in magnetic field can induce currents in power lines that can not be compensated important. As on date 13martie 1989, a strong magnetic storm caused the collapse power distribution system in much of the United States and southern Canada for almost nine hours. Serious damage induced current appears due to long pipelines to transport oil or gazelor natural.
Electromagnetic storms act adverse effect on the human body. In a study of population in Moscow found that during such storms occur many heart attacks. Note also a significant reduction in heart rate and blood pressure.

Ionosphere can be considered a great electron tube

Let us return to intense currents that flow in the ionosphere in the polar areas. By means of electromagnetic pulses, these currents can be modulated, as in a huge tube, so that to cause significant variations of terrestrial magnetic field globally. If "bombed" ionosphere with radio pulses in the range of frecvente from 2 MHz up to 10MHz, we obtain an optimal energy transfer to particles in the target area, generating an effect of "local heating". And this modified the zonal ionospherethey generate very low frequency electromagnetic waves that propagate at large distances, reaching even to surround the Earth. The electromagnetic waves of very low frequency can penetrate deep seas and oceans, or even in the lithosphere. Until recently, SUnited tits emission devices using a carrier frequency of 76Hz (ELF) to forward order or other information to U.S. Navy submarines to sink under the intreg Ocean (Project Seafarer). In 2004, the United States gave up this method. It seems that ELF waves generated by "local heating of the ionosphere" sproved a process more efficiently.

HAARP, EISCAT, SURA three programs are able to do "global" experiments

In 1993, the United States began developing a research station of phenomena related to ionosphere and aurora borealis near the town of Gakona Alaska. The project name is "HAARP", an acronym for "High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program" . Organizations participating in this project suggests the military's research directions address: U.S. Air Force, U.S. Navy, DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) and the University of Alaska. Without going into further technical details, say that the research has several sinfazate antenna systems, so to be able to transmit to the ionosphere by high power electromagnetic pulses and analyze the effects arising due to these pulses. In the summer of 2007 was completed investment reaching at a power of 3.6 MW injected into the antenna. United States also have two other similar research centers in Fairbanks, Alaska (HIPAS project) and the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico.
A similar project is the acronym European EISCAT (European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association). Broadcasting equipment are located in northern Scandinavia Tromsǿ near town in Norway. Reception stations are located in Sodankylä in Finland and Kiruna in Sweden. In this project part of research institutions in several countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland, Japan, China, England and Germany.
Former Soviet Union developed its own research on the ionosphere at Vasilsurk in northern Russia. Equipment was commissioned in 1981. Transmitters covers the frequency range of 4.5 MHz and 9.3 MHz. Emission equipment consist of three transmitters each 250kW and a radiating system composed of 144 antennas sinfazate able to issue to the ionosphere with an apparent radiated power of 190MW.
As you can see, except the base at Arecibo, all other facilities are located near the poles. The poles, ionosphere is crossed very strong power. By modulating these currents can produce global effects: electromagnetic storms, changes in the ionosphere and can transmit information across the globe, even in deep seas and oceans or lithosphere. You can also create channels through which dangerous cosmic radiation and high energy cosmic particles to penetrate to near Earth's surface.

Conclusions
It is known that very low frequency electromagnetic waves, caused by lightning in the atmosphere (lightning or lightning) even up to surround the Earth. At certain frequencies of resonance is a phenomenon called "Schumann Resonance". Research base of the ionosphere at the poles have technological capability artificial production of such resonance phenomena by generating very low frequency electromagnetic waves. If you where in antifaza generates the phenomenon of resonance can be annihilated. But this game is extremely dangerous and humanity should refrain from experiment on a planetary scale because maintaining current civilization on planet Earth depends on many interdependent factors and in a very precarious balance. A wrong analysis of possible effects may have disastrous results. The balance created over millions of years can be destroyed in minutes and mankind will have to seek escape somewhere, in deep Earth, appear as a new species, the caveman.

Usual measurement units in astronomy

For distances within our solar system, or other solar systems, the common unit is the Astronomical Unit (A.U.) 1 A.U. = the average distance between the Earth and the Sun
For most everything else, stars,galaxies,etc..., the distance unit is the parsec (pc). This is a convenient unit when measuring distances to stars by triangulation (what astronomers call parallax).
1 pc = 3.26 light years = about the distance to the nearest star
1 pc = 60 x 60 x 180/pi A.U. = 206265 A.U. ( by definition).
for distances within our galaxy or other galaxies it is kiloparsecs (kpc):
1 kpc = 1,000 pc
for distances between galaxies, and cosmology it is Megaparsecs (Mpc):
1 Mpc = 1,000,000 pc
The convenient astronomical mass unit is the mass of the Sun. One Solar mass is 2x10exp30kg
It is also convenient to mesure the luminosities of celestial objects in terms of the bolometric luminosity of the Sun ( 3.90x10exp26W).
The flux density is the energy incident per second per unit area pr unit frequency band at the Earth. The S.I.units of flux density are watts per square meter per hertz. The typical flux densities of the astronomical objects are wery small and so the radioastronomers introduced the unit 10exp(-26)W/squar meter xHz witch is known as 1Jansky (1 Jy)
In optical astronomy the traditional systems of optical magnitudes is still commonly used:
m=constant-2.5 log S were S is the flux density of the object. The magnitude system is normalized so that a standard star, chosen to be Vega in the constellation of Lyra has zero magnitude.

Advanced Maui Optical and Space Surveillance Technologies Conference

Ultra-Wide Field of View Stereoscope for Low Earth Orbits Surveillance Autors:Octavian Cristea, Paul Dolea BITNET CCSS
(Abstract)

Optical detection of LEO objects with unknown orbital parameters is problematic. In a wide area search mission, an optical sensor collects frames of data on consecutive directions in order to find objects in its range of detection. Taking into account that a LEO object is fast moving on the sky and the visibility window is very small (the sky is clear, the sensor is in the Earth’s shadow and the object is above the horizon and illuminated), and taking into account a typical surveillance sensor FOV of less than one degree, the probability to detect unknown objects is very small. Another limitation is that accurate determination of the target’s position requires correlation of data from more than one passive sensor (a single passive sensor suffers from an inability to get unambiguous range data, even against fairly deterministic tracks such as satellites). This paper examines the setup of a ground-based stereoscopic imager which can detect LEO objects and provide data regarding their orbits. In its minimal configuration, the stereoscope consists of a pair of (COTS) large aperture ultra-wide FOV lenses, backed with a high-quality CCD. While an ultra-wide FOV camera raises problems related to the detection magnitude and orbit estimation accuracy, such a camera significantly increases the probability of unknown objects detection. The stereoscopes base-line is of the order of tens of Km, a compromise between simultaneous detection of low altitude objects from two locations and triangulation accuracy. Each camera continuously images the night sky and sends captured images to a local computer for off-line data processing. Each computer has a GPS card for pair cameras synchronization and it is connected to internet through a Ku band VSAT. Geometric calibration of the image is made automatically, by matching captured stars in the image with an astronomical catalogue of stars. Making interpolation between these reference points, the computer attaches astronomical coordinates to each pixel of the sky image. This way, many errors due to light propagation through the atmosphere or f-Theta distortion can be corrected. The recovery of orbital depth is made by correlating matching feature points from pairs of simultaneous images. Since any pair of captured images practically contains the same star field, another application of the stereoscope is to produce 3D images of the night sky with LEO objects floating in front of the star field. This project is in the concept development phase and it is based on a research cooperation agreement between BITNET CCSS, the Technical University of Cluj and the Astronomical Observatory of Cluj.

About BITNET

BITNET CCSS is a small private company registered in Cluj, Romania, which is active since 1993 in the field of technological research & consulting. BITNET‘ s activities are carried out at our facilities in Cluj county, or on a teleworkingbasis. The team is currently composed of 10 professionals, plus personnel employed on a project-by-project basis. It is our solution for keeping project costs low and still high level expertise and flexibility. Actually, BITNET CCSS is participating to several national and international research networks and programs, operating in the following business areas: satellite communications, surveillance of space, information technology and innovation. The financial support for our projects is obtained from governmental research grants and contracts concluded with public and private organizations on a commercial basis.

BITNET CCSS is involved in the development of the Romanian space program and has completed more than 40 R&D projects until today. Many of our research projects have been co-funded with up to several hundreds of K Euros through national research programs.

Space Objects Surveillance Projects Expertise: from orbital dynamics to optical and radio tracking technologies, system integration and deployment. Available test beds: astronomical observatory at 750 m altitude and orbital radio & optical sources tracking facility at 1.200 m altitude.

Earth-based Surveillance of Space Projects (selection)

LEOSCOPE (2008-2011): The "Experimental Low Earth Orbit Surveillance Stereoscope" will detect and provide information concerning the orbital parameters of LEO satellites and other bright space objects (meteors, comets, boosters, etc). In the case of big objects in its FOV, the LEOSCOPE will provide photometric and shape parameters. Other applications are related to stereoscopic astronomy. Partner organizations: BITNET (co-ordinator), the Technical University of Cluj and the Astronomical Observatory of the Romanian Academy - Cluj branch. Supported through the Space & Security priority within the "Partnerships in priority S&T domains" Program.

COSMOS (2007-2009): S-band mobile space communication platform for LEO nano-satellites. Partner organization: the Technical University of Cluj. Supported by the national Innovation Program.

URSA(2007-2010): A joint project targeting the development of an experimental ground-based electro-optic and radio deep space surveillance facility in Romania. Partner Organizations: BITNET, the Technical University of Cluj, the Romanian Space Agency and the Astronomical Observatory of the Romanian Academy -Cluj branch. Supported through the Space & Security priority within the "Partnerships in priority S&T domains" Program.

PLURIBUS (2007-2010): BITNET is participating to a joint project led by the Romanian Space Agency, regarding co-orbital clusters of nano-satellites operating in a networked environment. Supported through the Space & Security priority within the "Partnerships in priority S&T domains" Program.

DOG (2005-2006):A preparatory project supporting the development of the first Romanian satellite survey facility. Contracted in the framework of the national Security Research Program. Partner organization: the Astronomical Observatory of the Romanian Academy -Cluj branch.
ScanSat (2004-2006):A small multi-band radio telescope for GEO satellites observation and broadcasts analysis. Contracted in the framework of the Romanian Aerospace Program. Partner organization: the Astronomical Observatory of the Romanian Academy -Cluj branch.

GOLIAT (2005-2008): BITNET signed a contract with the Romanian Space Agency for participation to the GOLIAT project. GOLIAT is the first microsatellite that will be built and operated by Romania. Supported by the CEEX program.

Other projects

MARCH - Multilink Architecture for Multiplay Services (2008-2011): An EUREKA CELTIC project which is targeting the development of innovative business models and technical solutions that will enable the evolution from today's still segmented service architectures to scalable integrated telecommunication architecture for mutiplay services. The project aims at convergence of broadband, mobile, and broadcast approaches and its application to urban and rural deployment. BITNET is a partner within an international project consortium led by TELENOR (Norway).

FORMUAV (2007-2010): BITNET is participating to a joint project led by the Romanian Space Agency, regarding Unmanned Aerial Vehicles flying in a networked environment. Supported through the Space & Security priority within the "Partnerships in priority S&T domains" Program.

BITNET CCSS research infrastructure

Office with 9 rooms in Cluj-Napoca, close to downtown

A test bed for space communication and surveillance of space experiments –in development, 1200 m altitude, 55 Km far from Cluj-Napoca, electromagnetic quiet zone. The test bed hosts BITNET’s astronomical observatory and several antennas.

Satellite communication equipment

Surveillance of space equipment, in development

IT&C equipment.

BITNET CCSS team expertise covers:GEO and LEO satellite terminals deployment, space applications development and demonstration, radio and optical satellite tracking technologies, custom software development (Operating Systems and Platforms:Windows (Desktop, console and web applications), Unix based and POSX compliant systems (Console and web applications), Other platforms (Development of applications with respect the availability of support for development languages and environments). Programming Languages:C/C++, Pascal/Object Pascal, PHP, PERL, Java, SQL, Cold Fusion Script, JavaScript/JScript/VBScript, JavaScript/JScript/VBScript, XML, UML, HTML/XHTML, SOAP, CSS. Database Engines:Oracle, Sybase, MSSQL, PostgreSQL, Interbase, MySQL. Modeling Tools:Rational Rose, Visio, ERwin. Development Environments:Microsoft Visual Studio, Borland C++ Builder, Borland Delphi, Borland J Builder, Macromedia Dreamweaver, Zend Development Environment. Graphic Design:Adobe Photoshop, CorelDRAW Graphics Suite, Macromedia Flash).

Accidental collision (automat translation from Romanian language)

For the first time in the history of exploring outer space is an accidental collision between two artificial satellites. The event took place, according to statement of NASA officials, on 11 February 2009 at 04:55 GMT about 790 km altitude, somewhere over Siberia. The clash were involved an American IRIDIUM satellite, functional, with the mass of 560kg and a Russian satellite, not functional, weight 900 kg. IRIDIUM satellite constellation consists of 66 satellites
orbiting around the Earth tilted on orbite low. They ensure the operation of mobile networks globally, with direct access to the satellite phone. Any malfunctions that may arise from the event will be resolved by placing a spare satellite with the same orbital
parameters of the destroyed.
This first accident of the new space brings in current issue of monitoring and finding solutions to neutralize the waste space. The number of these dead satellites that can not be controlled from Earth is growing. Also, various fragments derived from space activities can endanger the functioning of other satellites or even the challenge of accidents, even in case of tasks with the human crew.
No more one year ago, USA193 satellite intelligence had destroyed by a U.S. Marine for the out of control and hit an unstable orbit at an altitude too low, where rubbing (even with layers of very thin atmosphere) and were hurried end. Due to large size, this satellite was a real danger, as could not say with certainty that he will burn up (as most media) entry into the atmosphere. At that time, following a link on this blog, you could watch in real time the position of the satellite in the sky, and those who were curious, were able to see it in the evenings to clear the month of February 2008 even with the eye free.

MATHEMATICAL APPENDIX

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